CBT treatment is tailored to each individual and involves active collaboration between the therapist and the client. However, there are certain elements that are common to CBT treatment across a range of populations and settings.
What Happens During a CBT Session?
A CBT session is generally between 45-60 minutes, although in some settings, sessions may be shorter. CBT sessions are usually done in person, face-to-face, but they can also be done virtually using telehealth communication platforms.
Identifying Values and Aspirations
Early in treatment, CBT therapists help clients identify their aspirations and values and set specific goals they want to achieve as a result of treatment.
Setting the Agenda
CBT therapists start each session by collecting information so they can work with clients to figure out what to do for the rest of the session. They work with each client to identify a specific goal the client would like to work on, or a problem that may interfere with the client making progress toward a goal. Once the therapist and the client have collaboratively agreed on an agenda for the session, they discuss one of the agenda topics.
Working on Agenda Items
First, therapists collect data about the goal or problem and look out for inaccurate or unhelpful thoughts or beliefs the client may be having. Then they work with the client to evaluate interfering thoughts and beliefs, plan a strategy, and create an “Action Plan” for the client to work on between this session and the next.
The Role of Action Plans
Action Plans help clients apply what they learn in session to their lives outside of session. Action Plans help clients learn to solve problems and make progress toward their goals.
Measuring Progress
At each session, therapists measure progress, either by asking clients to complete scales, or by asking them to report on their mood and functioning. This helps both client and therapist know whether treatment is working and ensures that clients continue to make progress toward their goals.
The Therapeutic Relationship
The relationship between the therapist and client is paramount in CBT. Therapists are transparent with their clients, educating them about their diagnosis and sharing their treatment plan. Clients and therapists collaborate on what topics they will discuss and how they will address these topics during session. At the end of each session, therapists ask clients for feedback, which helps them understand and respond to clients’ questions and concerns about therapy or the therapist.
What is the Goal of CBT?
CBT teaches clients skills that they practice in and out of session throughout treatment, so that they no longer need to depend on their therapist to help them evaluate thoughts and beliefs, solve problems, build and maintain strong interpersonal relationships and achieve meaningful goals. In other words, CBT helps clients act as their own therapists.
How Long Does Treatment Last?
CBT is designed to be short-term. Many clients see significant improvement after just 8-10 sessions; other clients will require longer treatment.